Editing Debian package management

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== intro ==
* dpkg – Debian package … – for handling the packages themselves
* APT – "Advanced Packaging Tool" – on top of dpkg commands, dealing with dependencies and repositories
* apt-... – addons to APT
== APT ==
== APT ==


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* https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/apt/apt-cache.8.en.html
* https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/apt/apt-cache.8.en.html
<pre>
# ...
apt-cache pkgnames | sort
# perform a full text search on all available package lists for the POSIX regex pattern given
# (options available)
$ apt-cache search regex...
$ apt-cache search --names-only regex...
$ apt-cache search --full regex...
</pre>


=== apt-get -- APT package handling utility -- command-line interface ===
=== apt-get -- APT package handling utility -- command-line interface ===
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<pre>$ sudo apt-get update</pre>
<pre>$ sudo apt-get update</pre>


==== APT: installing ... ====
=== APT: installing ... ====
<pre>
<pre>
$ sudo apt-get install PACKAGE
$ sudo apt-get install PACKAGE
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# just download it to the cache directory being specified (instead of /var/cache/apt/archives/):
# just download it to the cache directory being specified (instead of /var/cache/apt/archives/):
$ sudo apt-get install --download-only --option dir::cache=$HOME/tmp PACKAGE
$ sudo apt-get install --download-only --option dir::cache=$HOME/tmp PACKAGE
# install PACKAGE
$ sudo apt-get install PACKAGE
</pre>
</pre>


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In case of an optional resp. alternate dependency that's not shown (clearly).
In case of an optional resp. alternate dependency that's not shown (clearly).
=== which (installed?) package includes a certain FILE (utility, ...)? ===
<pre>$ apt-file search PATTERN</pre>
=== which files does a certain PACKAGE include? ===
<pre>$ apt-file list PACKAGE</pre>


== dpkg, dpkg-query, dpkg-deb ==
== dpkg, dpkg-query, dpkg-deb ==
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* https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/dpkg/dpkg.1.en.html
* https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/dpkg/dpkg.1.en.html


==== installing a Debian package ====
==== installing the Debian package ====
<pre>$ sudo dpkg --install PACKAGE.deb</pre>
<pre>$ sudo dpkg --install PACKAGE.deb</pre>


==== removing a Debian package ====
=== dpkg-deb ===
<pre>$ sudo dpkg --remove PACKAGE</pre>
 
==== verifying a Debian package ====
<pre>$ sudo dpkg --verify PACKAGE</pre>
 
=== dpkg-deb -- Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool ===


* https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/dpkg/dpkg-deb.1.en.html
* https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/dpkg/dpkg-deb.1.en.html
'''dpkg-deb''' packs, unpacks and provides information about Debian archives.
Use '''dpkg''' to install and remove packages from your system.


==== which files are included? will be created from this package file? ====
==== which files are included? will be created from this package file? ====
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==== what's the official package name? ====
==== what's the official package name? ====
<pre>$ dpkg-deb --info PACKAGE.deb</pre>
<pre>$ dpkg-deb --info PACKAGE.deb</pre>
==== what is the content of the ctrl-tarfile you can extract from PACKAGE.deb? ====
<pre>$ dpkg-deb --ctrl-tarfile PACKAGE.deb | tar tvf  -
drwxr-xr-x root/root        0 2018-08-27 17:39 ./
-rw-r--r-- root/root    21773 2018-08-27 17:39 ./md5sums
-rw-r--r-- root/root      229 2018-08-27 17:39 ./control
-rw-r--r-- root/root      1071 2018-08-27 17:36 ./conffiles
-rwxr-xr-x root/root      1228 2018-08-27 17:39 ./postinst</pre>
* PACKAGE.deb contains a tarball (ctrl-tarfile).
* the tarball contains ... .
==== what conffiles does PACKAGE.deb contain? ====
<pre>$ dpkg-deb --ctrl-tarfile PACKAGE.deb | tar xf  - --to-stdout ./conffiles</pre>
* PACKAGE.deb contains a tarball (ctrl-tarfile),
* the tarball contains ./conffiles,
* ./conffiles is only a list of what is to be treated as conffiles, it does not contain the conffiles themselves, they are an ordinary part of PACKAGE.deb


=== dpkg-query ===
=== dpkg-query ===
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<pre>$ dpkg-query --listfiles PACKAGE</pre>
<pre>$ dpkg-query --listfiles PACKAGE</pre>


==== what conffiles does an installed package (e.g. PACKAGE) include ====
==== which installed package includes a certain FILE (utility, ...)? ====
<pre>$ dpkg-query --showformat='${Conffiles}\n' --show PACKAGE
<pre>$ dpkg-query --search FILE</pre>
$ dpkg-query --showformat='${Conffiles}\n' --show PACKAGE | perl -pe 's/^ \s* (.*?) \s* \w+ $/$1/x'</pre>


===== backup all the conffiles of an installed package (e.g. PACKAGE), each one for itself =====
=== dpkg-deb -- Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool ===
<pre>$ sudo ~jochen.hayek/bin/create_snapshot.sh $( dpkg-query --showformat='${Conffiles}\n' --show PACKAGE | perl -pe 's/^ \s* (.*?) \s* \w+ $/$1/x' )</pre>


===== backup all the conffiles of an installed package (e.g. PACKAGE) to a single tarball =====
* https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/dpkg/dpkg-deb.1.en.html
<pre>$ sudo tar cvf ~/tmp/PACKAGE.conffiles-$(date '+%Y%m%d%H%M%S').tar --directory / $( dpkg-query --showformat='${Conffiles}\n' --show PACKAGE | perl -pe 's/^ \s* (.*?) \s* \w+ $/$1/x' )</pre>


==== which installed package includes a certain FILE (utility, ...)? ====
'''dpkg-deb''' packs, unpacks and provides information about Debian archives.
<pre>$ dpkg-query --search FILE</pre>


= misc =
Use '''dpkg''' to install and remove packages from your system.
 
* https://superuser.com/questions/408082/how-do-i-get-a-list-of-available-i-e-uninstalled-packages-in-debian How do I get a list of available (i.e. uninstalled) packages in Debian?


= dpkg-source -- Debian source package (.dsc) manipulation tool =
= dpkg-source -- Debian source package (.dsc) manipulation tool =
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you do not have root priviliges,
you do not have root priviliges,
but you need to pretend to have them for achieving certain goals like creating a Debian package:
but you need to pretend to have them for achieving certain goals like creating a Debian package:
<pre>$ fakeroot ...</pre>
<pre>$ fakeroot --unknown-is-real ...</pre>


== special issues ==
== special issues ==
=== fiddling with the tree before creating the .deb ===
=== fiddling with the tree before creating the .deb ===
<pre>$ env EMAIL='john.doe@COMPANY.com' alien --to-deb --keep-version ...
Because you actually do create real files (to be owned by root), you now do need to make use of sudo instead of only fakeroot:
<pre>$ sudo env EMAIL='john.doe@COMPANY.com' alien --to-deb --keep-version ...
$ cd ...
$ cd ...
# here you want to change a few bits  
# here you want to change a few bits  
$ sudo chown ...
$ sudo env EMAIL='john.doe@COMPANY.com' debian/rules binary
$ fakeroot debian/rules binary
</pre>
</pre>


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