Debian package management: Difference between revisions
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* the Debian [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool APT = Advanced Packaging Tool] | * the Debian [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool APT = Advanced Packaging Tool] | ||
** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool#Update.2C_upgrade_and_dist-upgrade update | ** [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool#Update.2C_upgrade_and_dist-upgrade update, upgrade, ...] | ||
* https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/apt/apt-get.8.en.html | |||
* https://manpages.debian.org/experimental/apt/apt-get.8.en.html | |||
=== APT: resynchronising the package index files from their sources === | |||
<pre>$ sudo apt-get update</pre> | |||
=== APT: installing the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in /etc/apt/sources.list === | |||
<pre> | <pre> | ||
$ sudo apt-get | $ sudo apt-get upgrade | ||
$ sudo apt-get upgrade | $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade | ||
</pre> | </pre> | ||
=== APT: removing ... === | |||
<pre>$ sudo apt-get remove PACKAGE</pre> | |||
== dealing with packages files (dpkg ... .deb) == | == dealing with packages files (dpkg ... .deb) == | ||
* https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/dpkg/dpkg.1.en.html | * https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/dpkg/dpkg.1.en.html | ||
what's the official package name? | === what's the official package name? === | ||
<pre>$ dpkg --info PACKAGE.deb</pre> | <pre>$ dpkg --info PACKAGE.deb</pre> | ||
which files are included? will be created from this package file? | === which files are included? will be created from this package file? === | ||
<pre>$ dpkg --contents PACKAGE.deb</pre> | <pre>$ dpkg --contents PACKAGE.deb</pre> | ||
=== installing the Debian package === | |||
<pre>$ sudo dpkg --install PACKAGE.deb</pre> | <pre>$ sudo dpkg --install PACKAGE.deb</pre> | ||
| Line 26: | Line 34: | ||
* https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/dpkg/dpkg-query.1.en.html | * https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/dpkg/dpkg-query.1.en.html | ||
which packages are installed (together with a '''couple''' of details)? | === which packages are installed (together with a '''couple''' of details)? === | ||
<pre>$ dpkg-query --list</pre> | <pre>$ dpkg-query --list</pre> | ||
is there an installed package, that sounds like XYZ? | === is there an installed package, that sounds like XYZ? === | ||
<pre>$ dpkg-query --list | fgrep XYZ</pre> | <pre>$ dpkg-query --list | fgrep XYZ</pre> | ||
details of an installed package (that you know the name of, e.g. PACKAGE) | === details of an installed package (that you know the name of, e.g. PACKAGE) === | ||
<pre>$ dpkg-query --list PACKAGE</pre> | <pre>$ dpkg-query --list PACKAGE</pre> | ||
all details of specified package | === all details of specified package === | ||
<pre>$ dpkg-query --status PACKAGE</pre> | <pre>$ dpkg-query --status PACKAGE</pre> | ||
what's the content of an installed package (e.g. PACKAGE) | === what's the content of an installed package (e.g. PACKAGE) === | ||
<pre>$ dpkg-query --listfiles PACKAGE</pre> | <pre>$ dpkg-query --listfiles PACKAGE</pre> | ||
which installed package includes a certain FILE (utility, ...)? | === which installed package includes a certain FILE (utility, ...)? === | ||
<pre>$ dpkg-query --search FILE</pre> | <pre>$ dpkg-query --search FILE</pre> | ||
Revision as of 10:42, 7 May 2018
APT
- the Debian APT = Advanced Packaging Tool
- https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/apt/apt-get.8.en.html
- https://manpages.debian.org/experimental/apt/apt-get.8.en.html
APT: resynchronising the package index files from their sources
$ sudo apt-get update
APT: installing the newest versions of all packages currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in /etc/apt/sources.list
$ sudo apt-get upgrade $ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
APT: removing ...
$ sudo apt-get remove PACKAGE
dealing with packages files (dpkg ... .deb)
what's the official package name?
$ dpkg --info PACKAGE.deb
which files are included? will be created from this package file?
$ dpkg --contents PACKAGE.deb
installing the Debian package
$ sudo dpkg --install PACKAGE.deb
dealing with installed packages (dpkg-query)
which packages are installed (together with a couple of details)?
$ dpkg-query --list
is there an installed package, that sounds like XYZ?
$ dpkg-query --list | fgrep XYZ
details of an installed package (that you know the name of, e.g. PACKAGE)
$ dpkg-query --list PACKAGE
all details of specified package
$ dpkg-query --status PACKAGE
what's the content of an installed package (e.g. PACKAGE)
$ dpkg-query --listfiles PACKAGE
which installed package includes a certain FILE (utility, ...)?
$ dpkg-query --search FILE
... (dpkg-source)
...
$ dpkg-source --extract ....dsc
needs a:
- *.dsc
- *.debian.tar.*
- *.orig.tar.*
rpm2deb
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rpm_(software)
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_(software)
- https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/alien/alien.1p.en.html
- https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/pseudo/fakeroot.1.en.html
- https://manpages.debian.org/unstable/fakeroot-ng/fakeroot.1.en.html
- https://www.howtoforge.com/converting_rpm_to_deb_with_alien : alien -k ... (important)
- https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/9714/what-is-the-need-for-fakeroot-command-in-linux#9720 (important)
alien --to-deb ...
this command line creates a Debian package from an RPM package
(using that e-mail address for the (local Debian) package maintainer).
CAVEAT: won't actually work, because creating a Debian package requires running this as root
$ env EMAIL='john.doe@COMPANY.com' alien --to-deb --keep-version ...
some command line parameters can only get passed to "alien" as environment variables.
fakeroot ...
you do not have root priviliges, but you need to pretend to have them for achieving certain goals like creating a Debian package:
$ fakeroot --unknown-is-real ...
special issues
fiddling with the tree before creating the .deb
Because you actually do create real files (to be owned by root), you now do need to make use of sudo instead of only fakeroot:
$ sudo env EMAIL='john.doe@COMPANY.com' alien --to-deb --keep-version ... $ cd ... # here you want to change a few bits $ sudo env EMAIL='john.doe@COMPANY.com' debian/rules binary
open questions
- how to deal with dependencies specified within the RPM package?
- …
history of this article
This blog article got created 1st, but then the content got moved here to the wiki: